Explanation: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely adopted standard for encoding text characters and control instructions for computers. It assigns unique numerical values to letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and other symbols, allowing different computers and software to consistently interpret and exchange information. This universal recognition makes it foundational for nearly all digital communications and data exchange between computers. Gray code is primarily used in digital-to-analog converters and position encoders, where only one bit changes between successive values, reducing errors. Baudot code is an older, 5-bit character set used primarily for teletypewriters and is largely obsolete for modern computer data exchange. Morse code is an analog encoding scheme for transmitting text as a series of on-off signals, primarily for human interpretation, not native computer-to-computer data exchange.