FCC Exam Question: 3-82M3

What is the term used to describe a spread spectrum communications system where the center frequency of a conventional carrier is altered many times per second in accordance with a pseudo-random list of channels?

A. Frequency hopping.
B. Direct sequence.
C. Time-domain frequency modulation.
D. Frequency compandored spread spectrum.
Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) systems achieve spectrum spreading by rapidly changing the carrier frequency of a signal over a wide range of frequencies. The sequence of these frequency changes, or "hops," is determined by a pseudo-random code known to both the transmitting and receiving stations. This rapid, pseudo-random alteration of the center frequency across a list of available channels is the defining characteristic of FHSS. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a different technique where the data stream is multiplied by a high-speed pseudo-noise code, spreading the signal across a wide bandwidth *without* changing the carrier frequency. "Time-domain frequency modulation" and "frequency compandored spread spectrum" are not recognized terms for this method of spread spectrum communication.

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Includes Elements 1, 3, 6, 7R, 8, and 9.