FCC Exam Question: 3-70K5

Choose the only correct statement about the localizer beam system used by aircraft to find the centerline of a runway during an Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach to an airport. The localizer beam system:

A. Operates within the assigned frequency range of 108.10 to 111.95 GHz.
B. Produces two amplitude modulated antenna patterns; one pattern above and one pattern below the normal
C. Frequencies are automatically tuned-in when the proper glide slope frequency is selected on the aircraft’s
D. Produces two amplitude modulated antenna patterns; one pattern with an audio frequency of 90 Hz and
Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The localizer beam system provides horizontal guidance for aircraft approaching a runway. **D) Produces two amplitude modulated antenna patterns; one pattern with an audio frequency of 90 Hz and...** is correct. The localizer transmits two distinct amplitude modulated (AM) patterns. One pattern, typically to the left of the centerline, is modulated with a 90 Hz audio tone, and the other pattern, to the right, is modulated with a 150 Hz tone. An aircraft receiver compares the "depth of modulation" of these two signals; if the 90 Hz signal is stronger, the aircraft is left of centerline, if 150 Hz is stronger, it's right. Equal strength indicates the aircraft is on the runway centerline. **A) Operates within the assigned frequency range of 108.10 to 111.95 GHz** is incorrect. Localizers operate in the Very High Frequency (VHF) band, specifically from 108.10 to 111.95 **MHz**, not GHz. GHz indicates microwave frequencies, which are much higher. **B) Produces two amplitude modulated antenna patterns; one pattern above and one pattern below the normal** is incorrect. This describes the operation of the **glide slope** system, which provides vertical guidance with signals transmitted above and below the desired glide path. The localizer provides horizontal guidance. **C) Frequencies are automatically tuned-in when the proper glide slope frequency is selected on the aircraft’s** is incorrect. While localizer and glide slope frequencies are paired for convenience, typically the pilot selects the desired **localizer** frequency, and the corresponding glide slope frequency is automatically tuned by the aircraft's avionics. The statement also ends abruptly.

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Includes Elements 1, 3, 6, 7R, 8, and 9.