FCC Exam Question: 3-69K1

All directions associated with a VOR station are related to:

A. Magnetic north.
B. North pole.
C. North star.
D. None of these.
Correct Answer: A

Explanation: VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) stations are meticulously calibrated to provide directional information relative to **magnetic north**. The VOR system works by transmitting two signals: a reference phase and a variable phase. The phase difference between these signals, as measured by an aircraft receiver, directly corresponds to the magnetic bearing (or radial) from the VOR station. This alignment with magnetic north is fundamental because aeronautical charts and aircraft compasses are also referenced to magnetic directions. This consistency simplifies navigation, allowing pilots to easily determine their magnetic bearing to or from a VOR station without needing to account for local magnetic declination themselves. Options B (North pole/True north) and C (North star/True north) are incorrect because VORs provide magnetic bearings, not true bearings. While true north is used in some navigation contexts, VORs are specifically designed and calibrated to align with magnetic north for practical aviation use.

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Includes Elements 1, 3, 6, 7R, 8, and 9.