FCC Exam Question: 3-44F6

What might occur in a receiver if excessive amounts of signal energy overdrive the mixer circuit?

A. Automatic limiting occurs.
B. Mixer blanking occurs.
C. Spurious mixer products are generated.
D. The mixer circuit becomes unstable and drifts.
Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Mixers combine the incoming radio frequency (RF) signal with a local oscillator (LO) signal to produce an intermediate frequency (IF). They are designed to operate non-linearly to create these new frequencies. However, when excessive signal energy overdrives the mixer, its non-linearity becomes extreme. This results in the generation of numerous unwanted frequencies, known as **spurious mixer products** or intermodulation distortion. These products can appear as "ghost" signals or interference, significantly degrading the receiver's performance by masking weak desired signals or creating false ones. Automatic limiting (A) is a function typically found in IF stages or dedicated limiter circuits, not the direct result of mixer overdrive. Mixer blanking (B) is a technique used to suppress pulse noise. Instability and drifting (D) are usually associated with oscillator design or component issues, not the primary and immediate consequence of an overdriven mixer's non-linear behavior.

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Includes Elements 1, 3, 6, 7R, 8, and 9.